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F0Ξ05: [ BDEHI%} VY8 B V  @  /DE `E:D8:DUP.SYSERROR-SAVING USER MEMORY ON DISKTYPE Y TO &}STILL RUN DOS B;DE J  (` 9 V⪍ ઍ  -'}LLu ÝDEHILV 9 .l 9 .l  `` s$B BH(}I|DE V BLV nB,DE JLV B V BLVDEIʩ BꭝLu }Fundamentals of BridgePart twoEXAMPLESThe correct bid is indicated below each hand.You are the dealer and hold the fol*}lowing-S K 9 8 7 3 2 S 10 8 3H 7 4 H Q J 9 8 4 3 2D A Q 4 D A 10C 10 8 C 4+} Pass 2 HeartsYou are South, Vulnerable. West deals and all Pass to you. You hold-S K Q J 8 7 6 4 S 4,}H 9 H K QD Q J 10 8 D A 10 9 8 7 6 5 3C 10 C 8 3 1 Spade 3 Diamonds-}Your partner North has opened 2 Hearts. East passes and you hold-S A 5 S 10 8 4H J 10 3 H K 5D .} Q 10 6 5 D A Q 6C K J 6 2 C K Q 8 3 2 Pass 3 HeartsYour Partner North has opened 3 Clu/}bs. East, Vulnerable bids 3 Spades and you hold-S K J 10 6 4 S 10 7H A J 5 H K 10 4 3D A Q J 0} D A Q 5 2C 6 2 C Q 3 2 Double 4 ClubsYour Partner North has opened 3 Diamonds. East passes1} and you hold-S K J 10 S Q 5 3H Q J 10 2 H A J 5D Q 6 D Q 7 5C A K J 5 C Q J2} 10 8 3 No Trump PassAs South you opened 2 Spades. West passed and North bid 3 Spades. East passes and you hold-3}S Q J 9 8 7 5 2 S K Q 8 6 4 3H K Q H Q 9 8D 10 8 D 9C 9 7 C K 7 6 Pass 4} 4 SpadesGAMBLING 3 NO TRUMP BIDDINGAn opening bid of 3 No Trump promises a minor suit of 6 cards headed by AK5}QJ or a 7-8 card minor headed by AKQ. The hand does not have more than one outside king in another suit.RESPONSE- With 10+6}HCP, at least one card in partner's suit and stoppers in all the other suits, Pass.- With 16+HCP, at least one card in partn7}er's suit, aces in all the other suits (one KQ allowed), and at least 4 sure tricks, bid 6 No Trump.- With less than 10TP an8}d/or lacking stoppers, bid what must be partner's suit. If you're not sure, bid 4 Clubs.- Lacking stoppers in the other suit9}s, with 10+TP and at least one card in partner's suit, bid game in the suit with 3 or more sure tricks and one or more possib:}le tricks. Bid slam only with 5 sure tricks.REBIDPass unless partner has bid Clubs and your suit is Diamonds. If No Trump;} is Doubled, responder should decide what to do.GAMBLING 3 NO TRUMP PRACTICE HANDS ON DISKHAND #1South deals and holds t<}he followingS K 8H 9 4 3D A K Q 8 5 3 2C 7Bid 3 No Trump. All Pass. If West decides to lead a Club while still in =}control of the major suits, the contract should go down one. There is at least an even chance that the contract can be made, >}however. The North hand is typical of the minimum HCP and stoppers necessary to leave in partner's 3 No Trump.HAND #2North?} deals and opens with 3 No Trump. East passes and South holdsS 10 3H A J 4 3D A K J 8 5C 7 4Bid 5 Clubs. All Pass.@} With South's hand, the jump to game in partner's suit is adviseable, as 3 No Trump would be very risky. With South's good 5 A}card Diamond suit and control in Hearts, there's a good chance of game in clubs. As it turns out, 5 Clubs is makeable.ROMANB} 2 DIAMOND BIDDINGAn opening bid of 2 Diamonds promises 5-4-4 or 4-4-4-1 distribution and 16-21HCP. FORCING.RESPONSE- WiC}th 7+TP bid 2NT. This requests partner to bid his singleton or void. Forcing.- With less than 7TP bid your cheapest 4 card oD}r longer suit.REBID- After a 2 No Trump response, bid your singleton or void.- After a suit bid, if the suit is one you E}support, pass if its a minor or with less than 19+HCP. Raise a major suit with 19+HCP.- After a response in your short suit F}bid the next higher-ranking suit (2 Clubs if the bid is 2 Spades).2ND RESPONSE- With 7-11TP, bid game in the suit fitting G}best with partner. In the event that your hand is long in partner's short suit and has no other good fit, a minimum response H}in your next best suit draws the picture.- With 12+TP, go to Blackwood for a slam try.- With less than 7TP and partner raisI}ed your suit, pass with less than 5TP. Bid game with 5-6TP.- With less than 7TP and partner bid a new suit, pass with 3 or mJ}ore cards and less than 5TP. If you have 5-6TP and 4 or more cards of the suit, you may give him a single raise if in supportK} of a major suit.ROMAN TWO DIAMONDS PRACTICE HANDS ON DISKHAND #1South is the dealer and holds the followingS Q J 10 L}8H 9D A K 9 4C A Q J 6Bid 2 Diamonds. West passes and North bids 2 No Trump, asking South to bid the singleton or voiM}d. East passes and South bids 2 Hearts. West passes and North bids 4 Spades. All pass.The elegance of the 2 Diamond bid prevN}ent the pair from going too far. North, knowing that his Heart queen is useless, settles for an easy game.HAND #2North deaO}ls and opens 2 Diamonds. East passes and South holdsS K 7 2H 8 4D Q 9 4C J 9 7 4 3Bid Two No Trump. West passes anP}d North bids 3 Diamonds. East passes and South, with a useless Diamond queen, bids 4 Clubs to indicate a minimum hand. West pQ}asses and North, having 21 TP and good club support bids 5 Clubs. All pass.Had conventional bidding taken place, game might R}have been missed or defeated playing at 4 Spades or 4 Hearts.2 CLUBS BIDDINGAn opening bid of 2 Clubs promises 22+TP and S}either a good 6 card or longer suit or 19+HCP.RESPONSE - YOU MUST BID!- With less than 7TP, bid 2 Diamonds, a negative arT}tificial response.- With 7-10HCP and a balanced hand, bid 2 No Trump.- Bid at the minimum level. Bid a suit as for respondiU}ng to an opening bid of one in a suit. If you want to bid diamonds, you must bid at the 3 level.REBID- Bid naturally, witV}h the choice of a suit as for one of a suit opening bid.SECOND RESPONSE- Don't pass even with a nothing hand. Partner mayW} have game in his own hand.- Bid as for a second response to one of a suit opening bid. If you bid 2 Diamonds initially you X}can now show a suit, if any. With 9+TP it's usually your job to try to get to slam.SECOND REBID- If partner responded 2 DY}iamonds initially, he may pass on his next bid. Bid the full worth of your hand.- If partner has shown strength, bid naturalZ}ly.THIRD RESPONSE- With less than 7TP, you may pass. With 4-6TP you should still try to find a game somewhere.- With any[}thing more, get to game at least.2 CLUBS PRACTICE HANDS ON DISKHAND #1South is the dealer and holds the followingS A \}K 10H A K Q 8 3D 7 2C A J 4Bid 2 Clubs. West passes and North bids 2 No Trump, indicating 7-10 HCP and a balanced han]}d. East passes and South bids 3 Hearts. West passes and North bids 4 Hearts. All pass.This straightforward bidding demonstra^}tes the versatility of the 2 Club opening, and how nothing is sacrificed by using one multi-purpose strong opening bid.HAND_} #2North deals and opens 2 Clubs. East passes and South holds the followingS A 9 5 3 2H 10 5D J 4 3C 8 5 4Bid 2 D`}iamonds, indicating less than 6 TP. West passes and North bids 2 Hearts. East passes and South bids 2 Spades. West passes anda} North bids 3 Spades, showing spade support and 22-24 TP. East passes. South bids 4 Spades since his 5 TP and a fit in spadesb} should make enough for a game. All Pass.Note that the East hand was strong enough for an overcall. After a strong opening bc}id, overcalls should only be made with hands highly distributional in nature, and usually when not Vulnerable.SLAM BIDDINGd}A Small Slam is any contract at the 6 level, a Grand Slam any contract at the 7 level. A Small Slam requires that you take 12e} of 13 tricks, while a Grand Slam to be successful all 13 tricks must be taken.SLAM BONUSES Not Vuln. Vulnerabf}leSmall Slam 500 750Grand Slam 1000 1500These bonuses make a great difference in contract and tg}ournament bridge. Slam bonuses are not awarded if the slam has not been bid.Slam bidding requires greater accuracy than lowh}er level contracts. A pair bidding a small slam should have at least a 60% chance of making the contract, while a pair biddini}g a Grand Slam should have at least 95% chance. Greater accuracy is required since by bidding a Small Slam the pair is riskinj}g game bonuses, and by bidding Grand Slam the pair is risking both game and Small Slam bonuses.WHEN TO MAKE A TRY FOR SLAMk}1 - At any time partner has indicated a hand of at least opening strength and your hand has 17+TP.2 - After you opened, parl}tner responded with a Jump Shift in a new suit.3 - After you opened, partner responded with a bid of 3 No Trump and your hanm}d has 16+TP.4 - After partner opened 2 Clubs, and you have 9+TP.5 - After partner opened 2 Diamonds, and you have 11+TP.6 n}- After partner opened 2 No Trump, and you have 9+TP.7 - Any situation where game is certain and your hand has additional uno}disclosed values.All these situations also require a fit, whether the contract is in a suit or No Trump. This must be deterp}mined first. Hands that don't fit together require additional strength to consider bidding slam with them.BT engages in twoq} types of slam bidding: Blackwood convention and direct bids of slam. Blackwood is used most often, with direct bids of slam r}reserved only where overwhelming strength has been indicated, or those rare individual hands that can make slam on their own.s}CONTROLSThe purpose of slam bidding conventions is to locate controls. Controls for suit contracts can be either high cart}ds or distributional, while No Trump controls are high cards only. An ace or void is a first round control. A guarded king oru} a singleton are second round controls. With adequate trumps distributional controls are more desireable than high cards. A vv}oid, for instance, along with trump cards can be a first, second and third round control. This is because any lead in that suw}it can be trumped by the hand. A singleton ace has similar control of the suit. A singleton is considered a better second roux}nd control than a guarded king (except KQ), since the possibility of the ace held by an opponent overtaking it is present.Cy}ONTROL TABLE Controls RoundSuit Has First Second ThirdVOID YES YES YESSz}INGLETON YES YESSINGLETON ACE YES YES YESDOUBLETON ACE YES YESDOUBLETON KING {} YES YESACE(W/2+CARDS) YESKING(W/2+CARDS) YESACE-KING(+CARDS) YES YESACE-KING ALONE YES |} YES YESDistributional controls require an adequate number of trump cards in the hand to be effective. If the contract}} will be in No Trump, only high card controls should be considered.BLACKWOOD CONVENTIONBT uses Blackwood to ask for aces.~} The player using Blackwood has already determined where to play the contract. The bid 4 No Trump is made to initiate Blackwo}od. This is a forcing bid in BT.RESPONSESAfter partner bids 4 No Trump, partner is required to bid the number of aces in }his hand.Hand holds Player bidsNo Aces or 4 Aces 5 Clubs1 Ace 5 Diamonds2 Aces } 5 Hearts3 Aces 5 SpadesAfter partner's response it is a simple matter to add up the total number of aces h}eld in both hands. Having all 4 aces a Small Slam bid would be the minimum. If the pair have only 3 aces then distributional }values are important considerations. A singleton or especially a void in your hand, or a guarded king in a suspect suit would} still yield a reasonable try for slam. If an opponent bid this could be a valuable clue in locating the missing ace.If the} pair have less than 3 aces the player should sign off in the trump suit at the minimum level. If the suit bid by partner is }also the chosen suit then you should pass.A Grand Slam should be bid only when all 4 aces are held by the pair. The only ex}ception to this is when your hand contains a void and previous bidding has marked the remaining aces in suits other than the }void. To bid a Grand Slam, previous bidding has indicated exceptional strength and a good fit of the hands. Your hand should }have good intermediate values or a long trump or side suit that can be run. First round controls in all the suits are necessa}ry, as well as second round controls in at least 3 of the suits. If Grand Slam is an iffy proposition, then settle for a Smal}l Slam.WHAT IF THE OPPONENTS BIDShould the opponents bid after you have initiated Blackwood, they are attempting to inter}fere with the communication, and also probably cue-bidding an ace. In BT if you can still make the correct bid, do so. If the}ir bid is at the 5 level and is also your correct response, Double. If neither of these are practical, a bid at the six level} of other than the established suit is also ace-showing. A Double at the 6 level or a bid in the proposed suit (or No Trump) }higher than than the 5 level is natural. DEFENSIVE BIDDINGDefensive bids are those made after the opponents have opened th}e bidding. The majority of defensive bids are overcalls, and all are made for one or more reasons:- Because you think you ca}n make the contract.- To tell partner what to lead if the opponents buy the contract.- As a sacrifice bid to reduce the poi}nts scored by the opponents.- Push the opponents to a contract beyond their means to make.TYPES OF OVERCALLS1 - Immedi}ate minimum overcalls in suits.2 - Delayed overcalls in suits.3 - Weak jump overcalls in suits.4 - No Trump overcalls.5 -} Takeout Doubles.6 - Bid opponent's suit(Michaels).TAkeout Doubles and Michaels Cue Bid will be discussed in the next sect}ions.OVERCALLS AFTER STRONG OPENING BIDSStrong opening bids include 2 Clubs, 2 Diamonds and 2 No Trump. In the vast major}ity of cases, you should not overcall after the opponents have shown such strength. Not only can you be severely penalized, y}ou're also marking your hand for the balance of the strength. This may stop the opponents from attempting an unmakeable game }or slam, or aid in their play of the hand. The only time an overcall would be reasonable is when the opponents appear to be h}eaded for slam, and you want partner to lead a specific suit. Such lead-directing bids must be made with discretion, and ther}e's no point in making one if you're likely to have the opening lead.OVERCALLS AFTER ONE NO TRUMPYou should also pass mos}t of the time after a One No Trump opening. Game is highly unlikely for your side. Any bid you make may steer the opponents t}o the right contract. Even long-suited hands typically do not play well. If you have strength partner probably has a bust han}d.To make a bid your hand must be self-sufficient. Note that Doubles of No Trump bids are always for penalty in BT, so with} a good establishable suit or a suit that can be run a Double is usually a better bid if the opponents haven't found a suit t}hat they can escape to.IMMEDIATE OVERCALLS IN SUITSThese bids are made at the minimum level at the first opportunity afte}r the opponents have opened the bidding. Not Forcing.Minimum TP Requirements:10TP to overcall at the one level.12TP to ov}ercall at the two level.14TP to overcall at the three level.Never make an immediate overcall with fewer points. If the opp}onents take the bid then partner, with defensive values, will count on your hand for some strength in making a penalty Double}.Suit Requirements:A 5 or 6 card suit must be headed by at least 2 of the top 4 honors. A 7 card suit must be headed by 2 }of the top 5 honors. If the overcall is at the 3 level a 5 card suit must be headed by at least 3 of the top 5 honors, includ}ing the ace or king.Choice of SuitsIf your hand has two-5 card or longer suits, bid the higher ranking if they're fairly }equal in strength. If one is stronger and you have less than 14TP or must bid at the three level, bid the stronger suit. You }need 14+TP to show two suits (see Michaels Cue-Bid for two-suited hands). Never overcall by bidding a 4 card suit.DELAYED O}VERCALLS IN SUITSThese overcalls are made after you initially passed following the opponent's opening bid. In these situati}ons the bidding will end if you Pass, the opponents have stopped at a low level and partner thus has been marked with some st}rength. An opening bid of one of a suit that is passed by the Responder is a classic sign of weakness, as is a single raise o}f opener's suit that is Passed by the Opener. Not Forcing.Minimum TP Requirements:9TP to overcall at the one level.10TP t}o overcall at the two level.12TP to overcall at the three level.Suit Requirements:The same as for an immediate overcall, }except that at the two level a 5 card suit must be headed by 3 of the top 5 honors, including the ace or king.WEAK JUMP OVE}RCALLSSimilar to Pre-emptive opening bids, a weak jump overcall is a bid in a suit one or more levels higher than necessary}. Its purpose is to interfere with or shut out the opponents. TP and suit requirements are the same as for a pre-emptive open}ing bid. Typically it is not as effective as an pre-emptive opening bid since some communication between the opponents has ta}ken place.ONE AND TWO NO TRUMP OVERCALLSNo Trump overcalls are essentially the same as opening bids of One or Two No Trum}p. The strength is usually concentrated in the minor suits.- A One No Trump overcall requires 16-18HCP. All four suits must }have stoppers, with a double stopper in the opponents' suit or an establishable suit preferred.- A Two No Trump Overcall req}uires 22-24HCP.RESPONSE TO AN IMMEDIATE OVERCALLTrump Support:3 or more cards or 2 cards headed by an honor.Pass with }less than 8TP, or less than 10TP if you must bid at the three level and partner overcalled at the one level.Raises of a Maj}or Suit Overcall at the One Level- All raises of partner's suit require trump support.- With 8-12TP, give partner's suit a }single raise.- With 13-15TP, give partner's suit a double raise.- With trump support of 3 cards including an honor, or 4+ c}ards, 16-19TP, raise partner's suit to game.- With at least 3 DIS, at least 4 trumps and at least 9HCP raise partner's suit }to game.After a Bid of a Major Suit at the Two Level.- With trump support, apply the rules above. The TP requirements can }be reduced by two points for each bid.Responses of No TrumpA No Trump response indicates- a balanced or semi-balanced han}d.- no singletons.- 3 suits stopped, including the opponents'.- willingness to play in No Trump.- Desire to bid higher, g}ame if possible.NO TRUMP RESPONSE GUIDEPartner bid at Your HCP RespondOne Level 9-12 1 No TrumpOne Leve}l 13-15 2 No TrumpOne Level 16-19 3 No TrumpTwo Level 11-13 2 No TrumpTwo Level 14}-17 3 No TrumpResponse of a New Suit- Requires 8TP at the one level, 10TP at the two level, 12TP at the three level.-} Suit and length requirements are the same as for partner's overcall.A response in a new suit is constructive. With a minim}um hand and lacking trump support it is often better to Pass unless you have a long suit, readily establishable. Not Forcing.}Cue Bid of Opponent's Suit.This is the only forcing-to-game response to an overcall. Shows at least 17TP, usually 4 card} or better trump support. It may also hide a new solid or semi-solid suit that will be bid later. This bid is most useful for} hands that also have slam potential. Forcing. solid or semi-solid suit that will be bid later. This bid is most useful for0Jump Shift in a New SuitShows 14+TP, a suit meeting overcall requirements, with minimum trump support a preferred feature. }Semi-Forcing.Double Jump in a New SuitA Pre-emptive bid of a long suit. At least 2 cards of partner's suit a desireable f}eature.Raises of Partner's Minor Suit Overcall- Pass with 0-7TP.- Pass with 8-9TP and your right hand opponent passes.-} DO NOT give partner a double raise.- Raise to game only with freakish DIS and 5+ trumps.A free response of a single raise} in partner's minor suit shows 10+TP, 3 or more trumps, stoppers in at least 3 suits and requests partner to do one of three }things-1 - Show a biddable 4 card major.2 - Bid No Trump with the opponents' suit stopped.3 - bid 4 or 5 of the suit with }game likely.RESPONSES AT HIGHER LEVELSIf the right hand opponent bids over your partner's overcall, greater care should b}e taken in responding. To support partner's suit at the three level requires 10+TP, at the four level 13+TP. These point requ}irements may be lowered one or two notches with 4 or more trumps and ruffing power. Do not bid a new suit higher than the 3 l}evel unless solid and long. Vulnerability is important in determining what action to take in higher-level competitive bidding}.REBIDS OF IMMEDIATE OVERCALLSAfter Partner PassedYou should also Pass unless holding extra values with a solid or semi-}solid suit.After Partner Raised Your Major Suit- After a single raise, Pass with less than 14TP, raise with 14-16TP, raise} to game with 17+TP.- After a double raise, Pass with 10-11TP, raise to game with 12+TP.- After a raise to game, Pass.Aft}er Partner Bid a New Suit- With trump support, Pass with 10-12TP, raise with 13+TP.- Pass unless your suit is 6 cards or lo}nger, has solidity and you're sure the hand will play better in your suit.After a No Trump Response- Pass with 10-12TP unl}ess the hand has a void or another 5 card or longer suit, in which case you should rebid at the minimum level.- Rebid a 6 ca}rd or longer suit. Jump to game in your suit if the point count justifies it.- With a potential stopper in the opponents' su}it, well distributed high card strength, raise in No Trump to a level based on the combined strength of the hands.After a V}oluntary Raise of Your Minor Suit- Pass with less than 14TP.- with a stopper in the adverse suit, bid 3 No Trump.- Bid a b}iddable 4 card major.- With a long minor and a distributional hand, raise the suit with 14-15TP, raise to game with 16+TP.}After a Cue Bid of Opponents' Suit- Rebid your suit with 10-12TP.- Bid any New 5 card suit- Bid No Trump if the hand is se}mi-balanced.After a Jump Shift in a New SuitGet to game with 12+TP. Game is likely with 10-11TP. Bid once more.RESPONDER}'S REBIDSAfter Partner's Rebid of Major Suit- Pass without trump support or less than 13TP.- Raise to game with support a}nd 13+TP.After Partner's Rebid of a Major After Your Raise of Minor Suit.- With 4 or more cards of the suit, raise to game}.- With stoppers in 3 suits, including the opponents', bid No Trump.- Lacking the above, rebid partner's minor suit.After} a Rebid in a New Suit.- Express a preference for one of partner's suits. Don't rebid your suit unless it can stand on its o}wn.- With trump support, raise to game in a major and 12+TP, or in a minor with 14+TP.RESPONSES AND REBIDS AFTER A DELAYED} OVERCALLThe only time responder should make a 'free' response to a delayed overcall is with tremendous support for partner}. Otherwise responder should Pass except to bid competitively. Then with trump support and 9-12TP you may support partner.T}he overcaller should always pass unless partner has supported and the opponents have bid higher. Each hand must be considered} individually, always keeping in mind the Vulnerability of both sides.RESPONSES AND REBIDS AFTER A WEAK JUMP OVERCALLTrum}p support is required for any bid.- Pass if partner has bid game and slam isn't likely.- Raise to game in a major with 16+T}P.- Raise to game in a minor with 19+TP.- Raise to 3 No Trump requires positive stoppers in all the other suits and 10+HCP.}- The overcaller should always Pass.RESPONSES AND REBIDS AFTER NO TRUMP OVERCALLSResponses and rebids to No Trump overca}lls are the same as for No Trump opening bids.GUIDELINES FOR DEFENSIVE BIDDING1 - Never overcall by bidding a 4 card suit}.2 - Don't fight your partner for the bid. If the hands are misfit, Pass.3 - Immediate, Delayed, Weak Jump and No Trump ove}rcalls are not forcing.4 - With trump support it is better to support partner's suit than bid your own.5 - Game is much les}s likely after an opponent has opened with some strength, but not impossible. Slam is a rare event.6 - Always consider both }sides' Vulnerability. Sacrifices and pushing the opponent's to bid too high are safer when your side is Not Vulnerable, and m}ore effective when the opponents are Vulnerable.7 - If the opponents can make a game, in order to bid a sacrifice you should} take enough tricks so penalty points scored by the opponents are less than points scored had they made a game.8 - If the le}ft hand opponent opens, the value of guarded kings and staggered honors is compromised unless partner shows strength in the s}ubject suits.EXAMPLESThe correct bid is indicated under each hand.East has opened with One Club and as South you hold-}S Q 10 6 S 9 8 3H K 10 3 H K Q J 8 6D A J 8 7 6 D 8 7C 9 7 C Q 8 }7 1 Diamond PassEast has opened with One Heart and as South you hold-S 7 S AH 10 8 7 } H 10 3 2D Q J 7 6 D K J 8 3C K Q 9 8 6 C K Q 9 8 6 Pass 2 ClubsW}est has opened with One Heart. North Passes and East bids 2 Hearts. You hold-S A 8 2 S K 8H 8 6 } H A 5D A J 8 4 3 D 10 7 3 2C Q 8 6 C K Q J 8 4 Pass 3 ClubsThe biddin}g has proceeded-W N E S PASS1 DIA. PASS 1NT PASS2 DIA. PASS } PASS ?and you hold the following-S K J 9 8 3 S 9 8H A Q 6 H A 10 6 5 2D 9 6 3 } D K J 9C Q 9 C Q 7 6 2 Spades PassThe bidding has proceeded-W N }E S 1 SP. PASSPASS 2 DIA. PASS ?and you hold the followingS K 10 6 S }10 6H Q 9 8 3 H A K 7 6D A 6 3 D Q 9C Q J 7 C Q 9 8 3 2 2 No Trump } 3 DiamondsTAKEOUT DOUBLESSo far reference has been made to Doubles as bids to penalize the opponents. There is another }use for the Double bid.East deals and opens 1 Heart. You, South hold the following-S A Q 7 6H 9 7D K J 10 4C A J 5}Your hand has 16TP and good support for any unbid suit. You cannot legitimately bid any suit on its' own merits, however. T}he Takeout Double comes to the rescue! The correct bid is to Double.How to Recognize a Takeout Double1 - It is made after }a suit bid by the opponents at the first round of bidding.2 - Neither partner has made a contract bid.In BT Doubles of No} Trump and pre-emptive game bids are always for penalty. Takeout Doubles of lower level pre-emptive bids or bids at the three} level are optional, meaning that responder, with defensive values, may leave the Double in as a penalty Double.TP Requirem }ents for a Takeout Double:- 13TP and a void or one useless card of opponents' suit.- 14TP and two worthless cards of oppone }nts' suit.- 15TP and three worthless cards of opponents' suit.Distribution Requirements:1 - The hand has good trump suppo }rt for any unbid suit, or2 - The hand has a solid or semi-solid 5 card or longer suit.WHEN DO YOU OVERCALL OR DOUBLE FOR T }AKEOUT1 - At the three level or higher, Takeout Doubles are considered optional. Double for Takeout at higher levels only w }ith the first type of distribution listed above.2 - With only one 6 card or longer suit and no trump support for the other }unbid suits, or two 5 card or longer suits, an overcall is the correct bid (See Michaels Cue-Bid for 2-suited hands).3 - At } lower level bidding, the Takeout Double is preferred to an overcall.RESPONSES AFTER THE RIGHT HAND OPPONENT PASSESPenalt }y PassOn rare occasions you may leave a Takeout Double of a low level bid in for a penalty Double.- If the right hand oppon }ent passes, and you have 5+HCP, 5 or more cards of the opponent's suit with at least 2 of the top 4 honors, you may pass.St }rength Showing Responses.Single Jump in a Suit - Not Forcing- requires 10+TP at the two level, 12+TP at the three level. }No Trump ResponsesOne No Trump- 8-11HCP, no singletons, stoppers in at least 3 suits including a positive stopper the oppon }ent's suit, and willing to play in No Trump.Two No Trump- 12-14HCP and similar to One No Trump except that two stoppers in }the opponent's suit or a ready-to run minor suit 5 cards or longer are required.Three No Trump- 15+HCP and the same as 2 No } Trump with game certainty.Cue Bid of the Opponent's Suit - Forcing to Game- With 13+TP, support for any unbid suit, bid t }he opponent's suit at the minimum level (not higher than the 3 level).Responses with Weak HandsWeak hands includes those w }ith 0-10TP. After the right hand opponent Passes you must bid!1 - Respond at the minimum level. Do not bid the opponent's s }uit. If your only suit of 4+ cards length is the opponent's suit, bid the cheapest 3 card suit.2 - If you have two suits of } equal length, bid the higher ranking.3 - with 6-4 distribution, one suit a major and one a minor, bid the major suit if lo }ngest or if it can be shown at a lower level than the minor. Bid the minor suit only if it is longest and can be shown at the } same level necessary to bid the major suit.4 - If both suits are majors, bid the higher ranking if equal in length, or the } longer suit if unequal in length.5 - With 5-4 distribution, one suit a major and one a minor, bid the major suit.RESPONS }ES AFTER THE RIGHT HAND OPPONENT BIDSIf the right hand opponent bids after partner's Double, you're off the hook. Any bid y }ou make now shows strength.- Pass with less than 8TP, unless holding an unbid 6 card or longer major suit with ruffing stren }gth.- To respond at the two level requires 9TP. To respond at the three level requires 11TP. The point requirements may be r }educed if you have ruffing power and a fit with partner is certain.- No Trump responses and Cue-bids of the opponent's suit }have the same requirements.- Suit selection chosen as for a weak response. Don't jump raise in the bidding.REBIDS BY DOUBL }ERAfter a Jump Raise in a Suit- Pass if already at game level.- With a minimum hand, you should make a minimum rebid, eit }her by raising partner's suit or bidding your own suit as the situation warrants.- With 17+TP and trump support, raise to ga }me. If you must bid your suit, bid at the minimum level.After a Response in No Trump- With a more or less balanced hand, P }ass unless the combined strength indicates game is probable.- Bid a strong 5 card or longer suit at a level determined by th }e combined strength of the hands.After a Cue Bid of the Opponent's Suit- Bid game in your best suit, with a preference to t }he majors.After a Weak Response- Pass with a minimum (13-16TP) hand and trump support.- With 17-19TP and 4+ card trump su }pport, give partner's suit a single raise.- With 20+TP and 4+ card trump support, give partner's suit a double raise.- Rebi !}d your suit at the minimum level with 13-19TP. With 20+TP and a solid suit, jump shift in your suit.After Partner Made a 'F "}ree' Response- Bid competitively, as the hand determines.TACTICS AGAINST TAKEOUT DOUBLESRESPONSE AFTER A DOUBLEThe Red #}ouble- Requires at least 10HCP.- The hand has either trump support and game is probable, or defensive strength so any contr $}act bid by the opponents can be penalized.Raise of Partner's suit- Requires trump support.- A single raise shows 4-9TP.- %} A double raise shows 10-12TP.- A triple raise shows 9-12TP and 5 or more trumps.Bid of a New Suit at the Minimum Level- &}Do not bid suits of less than 5 cards. A new suit indicates 4-8TP, at least a 5 card suit with 2 or more honors or a 6 card o '}r longer suit.Jump Shift in a New Suit- Not more than 8HCP and a seven card or longer suit. A Pre-emptive bid.One No Tru (}mp- No change in requirements.If your hand doesn't qualify for any of the above, Pass. With some strength it is often bett )}er to let the opponents commit themselves to help decide your next bid.REBIDS BY THE OPENING BIDDERAfter Partner's Redoub *}le- You should Pass almost all of the time. If your hand is highly distributional, one or two-suited and lacks defensive str +}ength, you should bid game at once with a long suit, or bid your other long suit if appropriate.After any Other Bid- Bid c ,}ompetitively. Remember that raises of your suit did not require the strength that they do under normal circumstances. A jump -}shift by partner is pre-emptive, not strong.REDOUBLESAfter a bid by your side has been Doubled for penalty, should you Re .}double? In most cases you should not. The risks are much higher penalties if the contract is defeated. The rewards are increa /}sed trick scores and extra points for overtricks, if any. You should Redouble only when the following conditions are met:1 - 0} You're absolutely sure your side can make the contract.2 - If the opponent's run to their own suit after a Redouble, you ca 1}n defeat their contract for a score at least equal to making a Doubled contract.In most cases, you won't be sure of your co 2}ntract. Partner may have made a mistake in bidding, or the suits may be stacked against you. On many occasions you're not sur 3}e about clobbering the opponent's in their own suit.MICHAELS CUE BIDAn immediate cue bid in the opponent's suit has basic 4}ally the same purpose as a Takeout Double. It is made with a two-suited hand, however. In BT the cue bid is not used if the p 5}air is Vulnerable.Cue bidding an opponent's minor suit indicates length in both major suits, while a cue bid of a major sui 6}t indicates length in the other major suit and an unspecified minor suit. The distribution must be at least 5-4.TP Requirem 7}ents10+TP for a cue bid in Clubs, Diamonds or Hearts.12+TP for a cue bid in Spades.14+TP for a cue bid at the three level 8}No upper limit to the point count.RESPONSE- If the right hand opponent bids after partner's cue bid, Pass with less than 9}8TP.- You must bid if the right hand opponent Passes.- If the cue bid is in a minor suit, bid your best major suit (even a :}3 card suit). Lacking a 3 card major, and holding a good 6 card or longer minor, bid the minor suit as a last resort.- If th ;}e cue bid is in a major suit, bid the other major suit holding 3 or more cards of the suit. Otherwise bid the minimum level i <}n No Trump, which requests partner to bid his minor suit.- Responder should bid the full value of his hand with a known fit. =} With 11+TP, jump bid in the suit, provided this does not exceed game level. With less than 11TP, bid at the minimum level. >}REBID- If partner has passed, pass with less than 16TP. With 16+TP and a good suit, bid with discretion.- If partner made ?}a minimum bid, Pass with 10-13TP. With 14+TP, bid with discretion.- If partner jumped in the bid, bid game with 14+TP. With @}18+TP, slam may be possible. The point ranges may be reduced with extra length in the two suits.- If partner bid in No Trump A}, bid your minor suit if the right hand opponent Passed. Pass if there was an intervening bid and holding 10-12TP. With 13+TP B} bid your minor suit.LATER BIDSBid according to the expected combined strength of the hands.DEFENSE AGAINST MICHAELSOp C}ener's partner should Double a cue bid if interested primarily in defense and holding at least 10TP. Otherwise bid as if ther D}e were an overcall.MICHAELS CUE BID PRACTICE HANDS ON DISKHAND #1East has opened with one Heart and you holdS A Q 6 4 E}H 6D K 8 6C A K J 5 4Bid 2 Hearts. West passes and North bids 2 Spades, a forced bid. East bids 3 Hearts and South bid F}s 3 Spades. West passes and North raises to 4 Spades. All Pass.Even with a strong hand such as South's, take it easy when re G}bidding. You're forcing partner to bid.HAND #2West deals and opens 1 Heart. North bids 2 Hearts, requesting a bid of 2 Spa H}des or 2 No Trump. East passes and South has the following-S Q 4H A 10 5D Q 6 5C K 10 7 6 2Lacking Spade support, b I}id 2 No Trump, asking North to bid his minor suit. West passes and North bids 3 Clubs. East passes and South bids 4 Clubs, sh J}owing 10-12 TP at this level. All Pass.4 Clubs works, while a 5 Club contract is doubtful. If South's TP was less, he must s K}till bid unless the intervening opponent bids, in which case a weak hand should be passed. BASIC PLAY OF THE HANDAgainst s L}uit contracts, the defenders try to take winning tricks before Declarer can trump them or discard losing cards on winners. Ag M}ainst No Trump contracts, the defenders attempt to establish and run their long suits before Declarer can establish and run h N}is. This basic difference in strategy is generally applicable and fundamental to developing good defensive play.LEADSJust O} as you can't use the same road map for every highway, no set order of lead preferences is correct all the time. The followin P}g will be correct most of the time:SUIT CONTRACTSWhen Partner has not Bid1. A sequence (AKQ, KQJ, etc..). The stronger Q}the better.2. Intermediate sequences (KJ10, Q109, etc..). Never lead from a intermediate sequence headed by the ace against R} a suit contract.3. A trump when the bidding indicates that ruffing is imminent.4. 4th best from a four card or longer su S}it having no sequence (longest and strongest).5. Ace from a four card or longer suit.6. The top of nothing, i.e., the top T} card in a 3 card unbid suit without an honor.7. Singletons when holding a high trump and not more than 3 trump cards.8. U}Ace-led doubletons when holding a high trump and not more than 3 trump cards.9. Doubletons when holding a high trump and no V}t more than 3 trump cards.When Partner has BidLeading partner's suit, provided his bid was not forced and especially if w W}as an opening bid or a rebid suit, is generally the best play. Leads from strong sequences as in #1 above, a trump as in #3 a X}bove, or a singleton as in #7 above should also be considered. LEADING PARTNER'S SUIT2 card suit - lead the high card3 Y}card suit - lead an ace or top of a solid sequence, otherwise lead the low card.4 or more cards - same as for a 3 card suit Z}, except lead the 4th best in a 5 card or longer suit.LEADS TO AVOIDUnless the bidding strongly indicated to the contrary [}, avoid the following leads:1. Suits bid by the declarer.2. Singleton trumps.3. Aces from AQ or AJ combinations.4. Suits \} rebid by the Dummy position.5. 1 or 2 card suits without a high trump or 4 or more trump.6. Leads from unbid 2 card suits ]}with an honor.7. Aces from a 3 card suit.8. Suits headed by the king only.9. 3 card suits headed by the queen.NO TRUMP C ^}ONTRACTSWhen Partner has not Bid1. Sequences. The stronger the better.2. Intermediate sequences. The stronger the better _}.3. 4th best (longest and strongest).4. The top of nothing from a 3 card suit.When Partner has BidWhen you have a 4 car `}d or longer suit with at least 3 of the top 4 honors, lead that suit.LEADING PARTNER'S SUITWith a sequence, lead the top a}card in the sequence.2 card suit - lead the high card.3 card suit - lead the low card.4 card or longer suit - lead the 4t b}h best card.ENTRIESDifferent strategies are necessary in No Trump play depending if the hand has an entry. An entry is an c} ace in another suit, usually the KQ in another suit and much less reliably a guarded king in another suit.The contract is d}3 No Trump. Your partner has not bid and you have the opening lead. You hold-S A Q J 5 3H Q 6 3D 10 7C J 9 5The correc e}t lead is the Queen of spades. This will likely force Declarer to play the king which is probably in his possession. Subseque f}ntly, should your partner gain the lead, he will likely be able to lead a spade. However, if you initially lead the spade ace g} and then the queen, partner is less likely to have a spade left to play later, and you have no likely entries in the other s q}8B%DOS SYSB)DOC 000BDOC 001BDOC 002B6,DOC 003B bFONT SET-kAUTORUN B-AUTORUN SYSuits.Against the same contract, you now hold-S A Q J 5 3H 8 6 3D 10 7C A 9 5The correct lead is the ace of spades. Y r}ou may catch the opponent's king singleton. In any case, follow with the queen. The ace of clubs almost guarantees that you w s}ill regain the lead to play the spade suit.LATER PLAYPLAYING FROM A SEQUENCEAfter a suit has been led, a defender with t}a sequence should try to win the trick with the lowest card in the sequence. A defender with an intermediate sequence should u}try to win the trick with the lowest likely card.NorthS 6 (led) East (Dummy) S K 5 3SouthS A Q J v} 2North leads the 6 of spades, followed by Dummy's 3. South plays the jack, knowing it will win the trick.NorthS 6 (led) w} East (Dummy) S 9 5 3SouthS A Q J 2With the same lead from North, South plays the ace, since the x}location of the king is not known.RULE OF ELEVENAfter partner has led his 4th best card from an unplayed suit, subtractin y}g the card's value from 11 equals the number of cards higher that are not in partner's hand. The Rule of Eleven cannot be use z}d if the suit has already been played.Partner has led the 6 of spades and your spades are-K 8 3 2Dummy spades are-A 7 {} 5Subtracting 6 from 11 indicates that 5 cards are higher which are not in partner's hand. Your hand and Dummy's have 4 of |}them. Thus Declarer has 1 card higher than the six.Partner has led the 9 of hearts. Your hearts are-Q J 10 611-9 equals }} 2. You have 3 cards higher than the 9. Therefore partner has not led the 4th best, but more likely a short suit. The Rule of ~} Eleven is also useful for picking out leads from short suits.UNBLOCKINGUnblocking a suit is the play of the highest card }s in the hand with fewer cards in the suit to allow partner's long suit to be run. Rules of thumb mainly concern defensive pl }ay since Declarer's similar plays are more obvious. The following assumes strong evidence that your side has more cards in th }e suit (or partner is very long-suited), partner has more cards in the suit than you do, and play of a high card will not cos }t your side a trick that cannot be redeeemed later.2 card suit - play the high card in the suit, either on lead or followin }g suit.3 card suit - whether on lead or following suit, play the high card if holding 2 or more of the top 5 cards. Play lo }w otherwise.4 or more cards - if possible to win the trick, play the low card from a sequence, the high card in an intermed }iate sequence. Play low otherwise. possible to win the trick, play the low card from a sequence, the high card in an intermed"PLAYING TACTICSTHE FINESSEA finesse is the attempt to win a trick with an intermediate card after the opponent suspected }of having a higher card has already played. North (Dummy) S A Q J 3 West EastS K 10 }5 S 9 7 4 2 South S 8 6South the declarer leads the 6 of spades. West plays the 5. South p }lays the queen, winning the trick. If South can regain the lead then spades can be led again, finessing the jack. If West has } the king the finesse fails. Finesses are a 50-50 proposition. Previous play and bidding can provide information to help deci }de when and where to try a finesse, increasing chances for success North (Dummy) S A 10 3 West } EastS K 8 2 S 9 7 5 South S Q J 6 4South the Declarer leads the queen. West } plays the 2. Dummy's 3 is played and the queen wins. South now leads the 4. West plays the 8 and Dummy's 10 wins the trick. }The ace is played, dropping the king. Note that South could lead the 4 initially to Dummy's 10. This, however, requires that } South must regain the lead in another suit before the finesse can be tried again. Generally, play potential winning cards fr }om the hand on lead first. North S K J 10 8 West EastS Q 3 2 S A 9 } South S 7 6 5 4South plays the 4. West plays the 2. Dummy's jack is captured by East's ace. Now when Sou }th regains the lead he can successfully finesse Dummy's ten. This is an example of a DOUBLE FINESSE. The object of this doubl }e finesse is to hold the spade losers to one. It works in this case since the queen is in the right hand. North } S A 10 5 2 West EastS 9 3 S Q 7 4 South S K J 8 6South pl }ays the jack. West's play is followed by Dummy's 2. East wins with the queen. Had South played low to Dummy's ace, then leadi }ng Dummy's 10, the finesse through East would succeed. This demonstrates a TWO-WAY FINESSE. Either hand has cards with captur }ing power (North's ace and South's king). Which way to finesse involves some guesswork, considering any bids by the opponents } and previous high cards played by them. North S A 9 8 5 West EastS J 7 3 } S K 10 6 South S Q 4 2South plays the 2, winning with dummy's ace. Dummy's 5 is led, East winning } with the king. The queen is now a winner. When holding only the AQ split between the hands, it is incorrect to play the quee }n up to the ace.The defense can also make finesses. North (Dummy) S K 10 2 West E }astS 8 7 4 S A Q J 6 South S 9 5 3West plays the 4, followed by Dummy's 10. East can win } with the queen or jack, knowing that the king is in Dummy.FINESSE TABLEYOUR TOTAL OF SUIT PLAYMISSING IN BOTH HAN }DSking 11 and up ace " 10 or less finessequeen 9 or 10 ace or king. i }f both follow, play for drop. " 8 or less finesseTHE HOLDUPRefusing to win a trick on }the first, sometimes the second play of a suit is known as a holdup. North S 9 8 7 2 H A 5 2 } D 10 9 C A Q 10 9 West East (Dummy)S Q J 10 5 S K 6H K 4 H Q }J 10 6 3D A J 2 D Q 6 3C K J 5 4 C 7 6 2 South S A 4 3 H 9 8 7 } D K 8 7 5 4 C 8 3The contract is 2 No Trump, West Declarer. After North's 10 of clubs lead is won by West, h }e leads the queen of spades. South should play low. This will seriously hamper any development of Dummy's heart suit, since y }ou can later capture the spade king. The East hand has no other likely entry. If West has solid hearts the holdup may cost a }trick, but in that case West probably has the contract in hand anyway. In a similar manner, North should play low on the firs }t heart lead.The holdup is especially useful against No Trump. Against suit contracts the trump situation first needs to be } considered. Declarer can also use the holdup effectively.SAFETY PLAYSThere are two kinds of safety plays;1 - the delibe }rate loss of a trick to avoid losing more than one trick in the suit.2 - avoiding the loss of any tricks in a suit if possi }ble. North (Dummy) S 9 8 3 2 West EastS VOID S Q J 10 6 S }outh S A K 7 5 4South can affort to lose only one trick in spades. South plays the 4. After West shows out the 8 }or 9 from dummy is played to force a high spade from East. Assuming that Dummy can capture the lead, East's remaining cards }can be finessed (South's 7 is now a potential winner). Only one spade trick is lost.This play guards against the defender t }o the right of at least one of the top cards (ace or king) from having all 4 missing cards which include lower honor cards. } North (Dummy) S 9 3 H A Q 7 6 D A K 9 2 C A K 3 West Ea }stS J 10 6 S Q 8 4H 10 8 3 H K J 5 2D Q 6 5 4 D J 8C Q 7 6 C 10 9 8 4 } South S A K 7 5 2 H 9 4 D 10 7 3 C J 5 2South is playing at 3 No Trump. West }leads a low diamond, won by East's jack. East shifts to the club 10, South and West playing low to Dummy's ace. Dummy's 3 of }spades is led, and Declarer plays low no matter what East plays. When Dummy regains the lead, a spade can be led to Declarer' }s ace-king, drawing the remaining spades and winning 4 spade tricks.This safety play was made to retain a spade in Dummy fo }r later entry to Declarer's spade suit. Declarer is bound to lose a spade trick. If the ace-king of spades are played first, }Dummy will be out of spades and there is no other likely entry to the South hand. North (Dummy) S J 10 } 8 H K 9 6 3 D K Q C 10 5 3 2 West EastS 9 7 4 2 S QH 10 5 } H A J 8 7 2D 8 7 2 D 9 6 4 3C Q J 6 4 C A 9 8 South S A K 6 5 3 } H Q 4 D A J 10 5 C K 7South is Declarer at 4 spades. After a club lead by West, won by East with the } ace, Declarer wins the club return with the king. South plays the ace of spades, which captures East's queen. Declarer can n }ow draw the remaining trumps with the combined holdings, having entries to both hands.This safety play can be effective whe }n one lower honor, especially the queen, is missing. When both high honors are in one hand, the correct first lead is a high }honor. If the queen doesn't drop, a finesse can be tried. If the high honors are split between the hands, a decision must be }made about which way to finesse if that tactic becomes necessary.TABLE OF PROBABILITIESCOMBINED SUIT OPPONENT CARDS }%HOLDINGS WILL SPLIT7 CARDS 4-2 48 3-3 36 5-1 } 15 6-0 18 CARDS 3-2 68 4-1 28 } 5-0 49 CARDS 3-1 50 2-2 40 4-0 } 1010 CARDS 2-1 78 3-0 22COVERING HONORSCovering a lower }honor card with a higher honor card is sometimes done not to win the trick, but to promote other cards in the suit. } North (Dummy) S Q 8 4 West EastS 7 3 S K 10 9 South S A } J 6 5 2South plays Dummy's queen of spades. East plays the king, captured by South's ace. East will now win at least one s }pade trick. The play of the king on the first led spade honor promoted East's 10 9 to the equivalent of KQ. Note that if East } plays low on the first round South will win all the tricks in spades. North (Dummy) S J 10 5 West } EastS Q 9 8 2 S K 6 South S A 7 4 3South, playing at 4 Hearts, leads Dummy }'s jack of spades. East and South follow, West winning with the queen. When led again from Dummy, the 10 can be covered by th }e king, forcing the ace. Declarer will win only one spade trick. If holding only one honor, play it on the last card led from } a sequence in Dummy's hand. In this case you've promoted partner's cards. North (Dummy) S J 7 5 We }st EastS Q 9 8 2 S K 6 South S A 10 4 3Same contract, almost identical han }d, except that Dummy has only the jack of spades. After the lead of the jack, East should play the king, forcing the ace and }allowing South to win only one spade trick. Cover a single honor led from Dummy. North (Dummy) S Q J 9 } 5 West EastS 6 S K 8 3 South S A 10 7 4 2South is playing at 4 sp }ades. After leading the queen, East plays low. The contract and/or bidding, along with a good Dummy suit, make it clear that }partner has no cards to promote in spades. Also, South may choose to play the ace, making the king top gun.The cards most o }ften promoted from covering honors are the 10 and 9, sometimes the 8. Sequences including these cards are especially ripe for } promotion. Covering honors can also be successfully done by Declarer.COVERING GUIDELINES1. Cover if you have sufficientl }y guarded cards to promote, or the bidding has not precluded the possibility that partner has cards that can be promoted. Do }not cover otherwise.2. Wait until the last card in a sequence is led from Dummy before covering, if possible.3. Cover wha }t's known to be the only honor held by the leading hand.TRUMP SUIT PLAYIn suit contracts there are more situations in whic }h Declarer should delay drawing all the adverse trumps than when they should be drawn at the first opportunity.LEAD TRUMPS }1 - When it appears certain that the opponents are in a position to ruff (trump) your winners.2 - If your combined trump h }oldings are ample and distributed well enough to ruff the losers after trump have been drawn, or ruffing is not necessary.D }ELAY TRUMP LEADS1 - If dummy's trumps are needed to ruff losers.2 - If a cross-ruff is necessary.3 - If a 'trump police }man' is necessary while establishing another suit.4 - If a safety play in a side suit requires losing a trick in that suit. }5 - If trumps are needed for entry to one of the hands.6 - For Dummy reversals, i.e., when Declarer's trumps are used to }trump losers and Dummy's are used to draw trumps.7 - To allow discards on side suit winners when the opponents have winning } trump cards. North (Dummy) S 10 8 H Q 10 8 D Q J 6 3 2 C A 9 7 West } EastS K Q J 7 6 5 3 S 9H 5 H J 7 6 2D 9 D A 8 7 5C Q 6 4 2 C } K J 8 5 South S A 4 2 H A K 9 4 3 D K 10 4 C 10 3The Bidding -W } N E S 1H2S 3H Pass 4H and all PassWest leads the spade king, captured by South's ace. So }uth plays the heart ace, tossing Dummy's ten. A low heart is played to Dummy's queen. Dummy's last heart is led, finessing Ea }st's jack with the nine. Finally the king of hearts drops the jack. South makes 4 Hearts by winning 1 spade, 5 heart, 3 diamo }nd and 1 club tricks.The preemptive bid by West marked him for at least 6 spades. Since North-South have a total of 5 spades }, East can't have more than 2 spades. Assuming the hearts break 3-2 or a finesse is successful, Declarer has 10 easy tricks, }so the first spade lead is captured to prevent a possible ruff on a spade continuation. Hearts are led, first lead a winner f }rom a 2 high honor combination. Note Dummy's 10 is played on the first trick, anticipating a finesse through East with Declar }er's nine, which is also the most direct method of entering the South hand to draw East's last trump. East was much more like }ly to have trump length than West, given West's preemptive bid. Any other suit led at trick 2 dooms the hand. No }rth S K J 7 4 H 9 4 D Q 7 4 C Q 9 8 4 West EastS 10 3 } S 9 5H K 10 5 2 H Q J 8D 8 6 D A 10 9 5 2C A J 6 3 2 C K 10 7 South } S A Q 8 6 2 H A 7 6 3 D K J 3 C 5The Bidding -W N E S 1SPas }s 2C 2D 2HPass 3S Pass 4S and all PassWest leads a diamond to East's ace. East leads another diamond, won by N }orth's queen. Dummy's spade king is led, followed by a low spade to Declarer's ace, pulling the remaining enemy trumps. Decla }rer's strategy now is to lead the ace of hearts, followed by another heart lead. Dummy's 2 remaining trumps will be used to t }rump South's losing hearts once he regains the lead. Dummy had sufficient trump length to ruff losing cards after trumps were } pulled. North (Dummy) S 6 H Q 9 7 4 2 D A 9 8 C Q 10 7 5 West } EastS K Q 7 4 S J 10 9 5H J 10 6 3 H A K 5D 5 4 D 7 2C K J 2 C 8 6 }4 3 South S A 8 3 2 H 8 D K Q J 10 6 3 C A 9The Bidding -W N } E S 1DPass 1H Pass 3DPass 4D Pass 5D and all PassWest leads the king of spades and Decla }rer wins with the ace. The 3 of spades is led to be trumped by Dummy's eight of diamonds. A small diamond is led from dummy t }o Declarer's king. The spade eight follows from the South hand to be trumped by Dummy's ace. A small club is led to the ace, }and the last trump is drawn. Declarer loses a club and a diamond, winning 11 tricks.Dummy's trumps weren't needed to pull tr }umps, but to trump South's losing spades. If trumps were drawn first, South would also lose a spade trick for down one. } North S J H A 6 3 D A 9 8 4 C 6 4 3 2 West EastS Q 10 6 5 } S K 7 3 2H 10 8 H 9 7 5D Q J 10 3 D K 7 5 2C A Q J C 10 9 5 South } S A 9 8 4 H K Q J 4 2 D 6 C K 8 7The Bidding -W N E S } 1HPass 2D Pass 2HPass 3H Pass 4H and all PassWest leads the queen of diamonds, won by Dummy's ace. The spade } jack is led to Declarer's ace. A spade is led from South, ruffed in Dummy, then from Dummy a diamond is led, ruffed by South }. Another spade lead is ruffed in Dummy, followed by another diamond lead, again ruffed by South. South's last spade is led t }o ruff with Dummy's ace. Declarer ends up winning 1 diamond, 3 hearts, 1 spade, 3 ruffs by Dummy and 2 ruffs by South for 10 }tricks. Cross-ruffs such as this should always be done before drawing trumps. North S K 9 7 3 } H J 8 5 D 3 C K Q 9 6 5 West EastS Q 6 5 S J 4 2H 10 9 2 H 6} 4D K Q 10 9 5 D J 8 7 2C 10 2 C A J 7 3 South S A 10 8 H A K Q 7 3 } D A 6 4 C 8 4The Bidding -W N E S 1HPass 2C Pass 2NTPass 3H Pa}ss 4H and all PassWest leads the king of diamonds, captured by South's ace. 2 rounds of trumps are played, South leading t}he ace-king, then a low spade is led, East winning with the jack. After regaining the lead, Declarer can now draw West's last} trump and win the remaining spade tricks and a club trick, making 4 hearts.It was necessary to retain one trump in Dummy a}s a 'policeman' to prevent East-West from cashing 2 diamonds tricks before spades could be established. 2 rounds of trump wer}e played to minimize any possible ruffing by the opponents. North S Q 6 3 H 10 7 D } K J 9 3 2 C 9 4 3 West EastS 9 8 2 S J 7H J 9 5 2 H 6 4D Q 8  } D A 7 5 4C A K J 7 C Q 10 8 6 2 South S A K 10 5 4 H A K Q 8 3 D 10 } 6 C 5The Bidding -W N E S 1SPass 2S Pass 4S and all PassWest leads the k }ing of clubs, followed by the ace, trumped by South. Declarer leads a low spade to the queen, followed by a spade to Declarer }'s ace. The top 3 hearts are then led. The 3 of hearts is then led and ruffed with Dummy's last trump. A club lead is ruffed }by Declarer, and the king of spades draws West's last trump. The winning eight of hearts is now led for the fulfilling trick.}As a safety play, a trump was kept in dummy to ruff a heart if that suit didn't break evenly. If East had 3 spades and trum}ped the 3rd heart lead it is 'trick for trick', since later the 4th heart lead can be trumped in Dummy. Success would then de}pend on the play of the diamond suit. However, the overall odds favor that either the heart suit will break evenly or the opp}onent short in hearts will not be able to trump. North S K 10 5 H K Q 10 8 3 D 2 } C 10 8 5 4 West EastS 7 4 2 S 9 6H 9 5 H J 7 4 2D K Q 7 3 D} A J 8 5C A J 9 6 C 7 3 2 South S A Q J 8 3 H A 6 D 10 9 6 4 }C K QThe Bidding -W N E S 1SPass 2H Pass 2NTPass 3S Pass 4S and all PassW}est leads and wins with the king of diamonds, following with a spade to South's ace. The ace of hearts is led, followed by th}e heart 6 to Dummy's king. Dummy's 8 of hearts is ruffed by South's jack. A low spade is led to Dummy's king, and the last tr}ump is drawn with the 10. Dummy's 2 remaining spades are played, discardind 2 diamonds from South. 10 tricks are won, losing }2 diamonds and a club.Dummy's trumps were needed as entries to play the heart suit. If Declarer attempts to trump diamonds }in Dummy, the heart suit cannot be established. It's almost always better to set up a long suit rather than ruff cards in dum}my. North S K 9 4 H K 8 6 D Q J 10 C A 9 7 6 West East}S 8 7 5 S J 10 6H 10 9 3 2 H Q J 4D 5 3 D 9 4 2C Q J 10 8 C K 5 3 2 } South S A Q 3 2 H A 7 5 D A K 8 7 6 C 4The Bidding -W N E S } 1DPass 2NT Pass 3DPass 4D Pass 4NTPass 5D Pass 7DWest leads the queen of clubs, won by Dummy'}s ace. A club is led and trumped with the 6, and a low diamond is led to Dummy's queen. Another club is led and ruffed with t }he ace. A trump is led to the jack, and Dummy's last club is trumped by the king. A low heart is led to the king, and the 10 !}of diamonds pulls the remaining trump, with a heart discarded from South. Spades are then run. Declarer takes all 13 tricks."}A somewhat shaky grand slam that relied on spades dividing evenly, Dummy's trumps were used to draw trumps, while Declarer's#} ruffed the clubs, a dummy reverse. A heart was bound to be lost unless South's trumps were used to ruff the clubs and allow $}the heart discard. North S Q 7 5 H 9 8 7 4 D Q J 2 C A 9 7 West %} EastS A 4 S K 6H Q J 10 5 H 6 2D 9 8 5 D A 10 7 4 3C J 10 6 3 C Q 5&} 4 2 South S J 10 9 8 3 2 H A K 3 D K 6 C K 8The Bidding -W N '} E S 1SPass 2S Pass 3SPass 4SWest leads the queen of hearts, won by South's ace. The king of(} diamonds is led and captured by East's ace. The heart return is won by South's king, and the 6 of diamonds is led to Dummy's)} queen. The diamond jack is led, with a heart discarded from the South hand. Declarer loses a spade, a diamond, and a club, w*}inning 10 tricks.The trump suit has 2 losers. Declarer must discard a losing heart on Dummy's diamonds to make the contract+}. This has to be done before the heart controls are knocked out.card a losing heart on Dummy's diamonds to make the contract ANO TRUMP PLAYThere are several things to consider when playing No Trump contracts:1 - The number of winning tricks off th-}e top between the hands.2 - The number of tricks that can only be made by establishing winners.3 - Limiting communication.} between the opponents.4 - Maintaining entries to the hand having length in a suit that's to be established.5 - Playing u/}p to or through the opponent with the 'danger hand'.6 - Whether or not a deceptive play is the only chance to win the hand.0} North (Dummy) S K 9 3 H A Q J 7 D J 9 8 4 C 6 3 West 1}EastS 10 5 4 2 S Q J 7H 5 2 H K 10 8 4D 7 6 2 D 10C K Q 8 7 C J 9 5 4 2 2} South S A 8 6 H 9 6 3 D A K Q 5 3 C A 10South is Declarer at 3 No Trump. W3}est leads the 7 of clubs, won by South's ace. Declarer can count 9 tricks off the top. 1 club, 5 diamonds, 1 heart and 2 spad4}es. The only consideration is to play all the winners before the opponents can regain the lead.There's no point in holding 5}up the play of the ace of clubs on the first trick. North-South have only 2 clubs each so its not going to cut the wires betw6}een East-West. Declarer could take an extra trick or two by trying a finesse in hearts. This jeopardizes the contract, since 7}if it fails the defenders can run the club suit. Never risk a solid contract for a trick you don't need. North (8}Dummy) S A 4 H 10 7 4 D Q J 10 8 5 3 C K 5 West EastS Q J 10 7 3 9} S 9 8 2H 8 2 H A 9 6 5D K 6 2 D A 7C 9 7 3 C 10 8 6 2 South :} S K 6 5 H K Q J 3 D 9 4 C A Q J 4Against 3 No Trump, West leads the queen of spades, whi;}ch is ducked. The 3 of spades is led and taken by the ace. Dummy's 10 of hearts is played, won by East's ace. East leads a sp<}ade to South's king. Declarer can now roll off 3 heart and 4 club tricks to make the contract.The diamond suit had the pote=}ntial to win 4 tricks while only 3 tricks could be won with hearts. The defenders would get the lead twice before diamonds ar>}e developed, however, and their spades would be set up before the diamonds. Also, the ace of spades might be played anyway fo?}r no ultimate gain. Since only 3 tricks were needed, hearts were set up and Declarer had complete control of his destiny. @} North S 7 6 H A 9 5 D K J 10 8 4 C 9 6 5 West EastS A 9 A}5 4 S Q J 10 2H Q 10 8 7 3 H J 6D A 7 3 D 9 6C 8 C J 10 7 4 2 SoB}uth S K 8 3 H K 4 2 D Q 5 2 C A K Q 33 No Trump by South, and West leads the 7 of hC}earts to South's king. South leads the queen of diamonds, West playing the ace. West leads the 3 of hearts, won by Dummy's acD}e. Declarer will win 4 diamond and 3 club tricks along with the 2 heart tricks to make the contract.Declarer must leave theE} ace of hearts in Dummy until diamonds are established. Otherwise, the opponent with the diamond ace may be able to holdup itF}s play once or twice. A holdup has no point, however, with the ace of hearts still in place. Also, Declarer must not dally, sG}ince the spade king can be captured. It was luck that the ace of diamonds was in West's hand, since the weak spade suit mightH} have been tested by East. North (Dummy) S 8 5 2 H K 4 D A J 10 7 6 C Q I}5 4 West EastS K Q J 7 4 S 10 6H 8 H J 10 7 6 5 3 2D 9 8 5 2 D K 4C KJ} 8 2 C 9 3 South S A 9 3 H A Q 9 D Q 3 C A J 10 7 6AgainstK} 3 No Trump, West leads the king of spades, ducked by South. The spade queen follows and won by Declarer's ace. Declarer leadL}s the queen of diamonds and finesses, losing to East's king. East attempts to 'find' West, leading a club, won by South's aceM}. Declarer can now run the diamonds and play the other winners, taking 9 tricks.It wasn't just coincidence to prefer develoN}pment of diamonds over clubs. The two suits are virtually equal in potential. Diamonds were chosen to keep West, the 'danger O}hand' holding the spades, from gaining the lead. If the club finesse fails, West can defeat the contract. East is not a threaP}t and every lead made by East can be won by Declarer. North S 5 4 H K J 6 D 8 5 3Q} C A Q 10 8 5 West EastS K J 10 8 3 S 9 6 2H A 9 H 10 7 5 4D J 7 4 2 R} D Q 10 9C 9 4 C K 7 6 South S A Q 7 H Q 8 3 2 D A K 6 S} C J 3 2West leads the jack of spades against 3 No Trump, won by South's queen. South leads the queen of diamonds, won by T}West with the ace, who now returns the 10 of spades. Another spade is led after Declarer ducks the 10, and it is won with theU} spade ace. The jack of clubs is led to finesse, losing to East's king. East can only try to get West back on lead, leading aV} diamond. Declarer wins in hand and easily makes the contract.Declarer must knock out the only possible entry that West mayW} have, the ace of hearts, before trying the diamond suit. If this order of play is reversed and the finesse loses, as in thisX} case, Declarer can come up with only eight tricks. Drive out entries to 'danger hands' before finessing through them. Y} North S K 9 6 H 8 5 4 D Q J 10 8 3 C A 5 West EastS 10 5 4 Z} S A 8 7H K Q 9 7 6 H J 3 2D 7 5 D 9 4 2C J 10 3 C Q 8 6 2 South [} S Q J 3 2 H A 10 D A K 6 C K 9 7 43 No Trump by South, and West leads the 7 of heart\}s, won by South's ace over East's jack. Declarer leads in order the ace-king of diamonds, followed by the queen of spades, al]}l winning. The 6 of diamonds is led to Dummy's winners and the contract is successful.Declarer could count only 8 tricks wi^}thout establishing the spade suit. As soon as that is attempted, however, the defenders will win with the ace and play the he_}art suit. The queen of diamond lead is a ruse to try to decieve East into thinking that South is trying to force out the ace `}and use the king of spades as an entry to Dummy. This sort of play doesn't always work, of course, and never would if West haa}d the ace.End of Fundamentals of Bridgeummy. 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